Current Knowledge on Insecticide Resistance in Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Latin America and the Caribbean Nations : The WINSA network members publication

Abstract
Aedes albopictus is an important vector of several arboviruses and has expanded its distribution throughout Latin America and the Caribbean in recent decades. Despite its increasing epidemiological relevance, data on insecticide resistance in this region remain limited compared to Aedes aegypti. This review compiled and analyzed the published evidence on this topic across the region. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, LILACS, and DOAJ, using combinations of the terms “insecticide resistance” or “insecticide susceptibility” plus “Aedes albopictus”, and the names of all countries recognized by the United Nations as part of the region. Studies published until May 2025 were considered, regardless of the publication year. Following the core PRISMA principles adapted for this review, 33 studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate recurrent but uneven reports of resistance, with organophosphates being the most frequently evaluated insecticide (33.9%), followed by pyrethroids (27.7%) and carbamates (10.8%), and metabolic mechanisms being the most implicated. Evidence suggests that control actions focused on Ae. aegypti may also impose selective pressure over Ae. albopictus. Overall, the resistance found on Ae. albopictus emphasizes the need for expanded and standardized surveillance to support effective vector control across the Americas.